21 forces. This is dependent on large openings to the exterior and low resistance within the building interior. A large thermal mass with extended surface area is required to utilize the diurnal, temperature differences. Glicksman described real-world challenges to implement such a system. Not only is detailed airflow analysis required, but building operators and control designers need proper training and experience. Monitoring of naturally ventilated buildings has shown as much as a 10°C difference between peak outdoor ambient temperature and interior temperatures. This technology is appropriate for low-cost housing in areas such as South Asia. Discussion In the discussion, real world issues concerning the control of automated windows for natural ventilation were raised. Model predictive controls highlight the importance of night-flush ventilation. However, in many cases, needless complexity in operations and controls has been encountered. During periods of low wind velocity, the use of fans to augment ventilation was suggested since its energy use is far less than the energy required for air conditioning. Questions around noise pollution and air quality must be addressed when natural ventilation is considered. A question was raised concerning the widespread promotion of the technology. Although natural ventilation has been utilized in individual high-end buildings, demonstrations Fig 2.5 A snapshot of Eduardo Gascon's research on shaped concrete slabs
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